I-International Energy Agency: iphampu yokushisa ingahlangabezana no-90% wesidingo sokushisisa emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukukhishwa kwayo kwekhabhoni kungaphansi kwalokho kwesithando somlilo segesi (Ingxenye 2)

Ukusebenza kwesizini kwephampu yokushisa kuye kwathuthukiswa kancane kancane

Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisisa isikhala, i-coefficient yokusebenza yesizini evamile yephampu yokushisa (inkomba yokusebenza kwamandla yaminyaka yonke, i-COP) ikhule kancane kancane yafinyelela cishe ku-4 kusukela ngo-2010.

Kuvamile ukuthi iphoyisa lephampu lokushisa lifinyelele ku-4.5 noma ngaphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezipholile ezifana nesifunda saseMedithera kanye nemaphakathi neningizimu yeChina. Ngokuphambene, ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu njengasenyakatho ye-Canada, izinga lokushisa eliphansi langaphandle lizonciphisa ukusebenza kwamandla kobuchwepheshe obutholakalayo njengamanje kusilinganiso esingu-3-3.5 ebusika.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, uguquko olusuka ku-non-inverter kuya kubuchwepheshe be-inverter luye lwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa bugwema iningi lokulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa ukuma nokuqala kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa, futhi kunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-compressor.

Imithethonqubo, amazinga namalebula, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kuqhubekisele phambili intuthuko emhlabeni. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuthi izinga elincane lokusebenzisa amandla liphakanyiswe kabili, isilinganiso sokusebenza kwesizini se-coefficient yamaphampu okushisa athengiswa e-United States sikhuphuke ngo-13% no-8% ngokulandelana kwawo ngo-2006 nango-2015.

Ngokungeziwe ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe komjikelezo wokuminyanisa umusi (isb. ngokusebenzisa izingxenye zesizukulwane esilandelayo), uma ufuna ukukhulisa i-coefficient yokusebenza kwesizini yephampu yokushisa ibe ngu-4.5-5.5 ngo-2030, uzodinga izixazululo ezigxile kusistimu (ukwandisa amandla ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sonke) kanye nokusetshenziswa kweziqandisi ezinamandla aphansi kakhulu noma angenawo ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-boilers abamba igesi, amaphampu okushisa angahlangabezana no-90% wesidingo sokushisisa umhlaba wonke futhi abe ne-carbon footprint ephansi.

Nakuba amaphampu okushisa kagesi asabala ngaphezu kuka-5% wokushisa kwezakhiwo zomhlaba wonke, angahlinzeka ngaphezu kuka-90% wokushisa kwezakhiwo zomhlaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi abe nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ephansi. Ngisho noma kucatshangelwa amandla kagesi ekhabhoni akhuphuka nomfula, amaphampu okushisa akhipha isikhutha esincane kunobuchwepheshe bokujiya obubaselwa ngegesi (ngokuvamile busebenza ngo-92-95%).

Kusukela ngo-2010, kuncike ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwamandla empompi yokushisa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, ukumbozwa okungaba khona kwepompo yokushisa kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ngama-50%!

Kusukela ngo-2015, inqubomgomo iye yasheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwepompo yokushisa

E-China, uxhaso ngaphansi kohlelo lokulawula ukungcoliswa komoya lusiza ukwehlisa izindleko zokufakwa kusenesikhathi kanye nemishini. NgoFebhuwari 2017, uMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo waseChina wethula uxhaso lwamaphampu okushisa omthombo womoya ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene zaseChina (isibonelo, i-RMB 24000-29000 ngendlu ngayinye eBeijing, eTianjin naseShanxi). I-Japan inohlelo olufanayo ngohlelo lwayo lokonga amandla.

Ezinye izinhlelo ziqondene ngqo namaphampu okushisa omthombo ophansi. E-Beijing nakuyo yonke i-United States, u-30% wezindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali uthwalwa uhulumeni. Ukuze kusizwe ukufeza umgomo wokuthunyelwa wamamitha ayizigidi ezingu-700 wephampu yokushisa yomthombo ophansi, i-China iphakamise uxhaso olungeziwe (35 yuan/m kuya ku-70 yuan/M) kwezinye izinkambu, ezifana ne-Jilin, Chongqing ne-Nanjing.

I-United States idinga imikhiqizo ukuthi ibonise i-coefficient yokusebenza yesizini yokushisisa kanye nezinga eliphansi lokusebenza kahle kwamandla lephampu yokushisa. Lolu hlelo Lwesinxephezelo Esisekelwe Ekusebenzeni lungathuthukisa ngokungaqondile ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo ngokukhuthaza inhlanganisela yephampu yokushisa ne-photovoltaic kumodi yokuzisebenzisela yona. Ngakho-ke, iphampu yokushisa izosebenzisa ngokuqondile amandla aluhlaza akhiqizwa endaweni futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla engqikithi yegridi yomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwezindinganiso eziphoqelekile, ilebula yokusebenza kokushisisa kwendawo yaseYurophu isebenzisa isikali esifanayo sephampu yokushisa (okungenani iBanga A +) kanye nebhayela yamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi (kuze kufike ebangeni A), ukuze ukusebenza kwazo kuqhathaniswe ngokuqondile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-China nase-EU, amandla asetshenziswa amaphampu okushisa ahlukaniswa njengamandla ashisayo avuselelekayo, ukuze kutholwe ezinye izikhuthazo, njengesaphulelo sentela.

I-Canada icubungula imfuneko eyisibopho yesici esisebenza kahle esingaphezu kwe-1 (elingana no-100% wemishini esebenza kahle) ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla abo bonke ubuchwepheshe bokushisisa ngo-2030, okuzokwenqabela ngempumelelo zonke izifudumezi ezibaswa ngamalahle, ezibaswa uwoyela nezibaswa ngegesi. .

Yehlisa izithiyo zokutholwa ezimakethe ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zokuvuselela

Ngo-2030, isabelo sokushisa kwendawo yokuhlala esihlinzekwa amaphampu okushisa omhlaba kufanele siphindwe kathathu. Ngakho-ke, izinqubomgomo zidinga ukubhekana nezithiyo zokukhetha, okuhlanganisa amanani aphezulu okuthenga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izindleko zokusebenza kanye nezinkinga zefa lezitoko ezikhona zokwakha.

Ezimakethe eziningi, ukonga okungaba khona ezindlekweni zokufakwa kwamaphampu okushisa ahlobene nezindleko zamandla (isibonelo, lapho ushintsha kusuka kumabhoyela aphehla igesi ukuya kumaphampu kagesi) ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi amaphampu okushisa angase ashibhe kancane eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweyi-12, ngisho uma benokusebenza okuphezulu kwamandla.

Kusukela ngo-2015, uxhaso luye lwabonakala lusebenza kahle ekuqedeni izindleko zangaphambili zamaphampu okushisa, ukuqalisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe nokusheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezakhiweni ezintsha. Ukukhansela lokhu kusekelwa kwezimali kungase kuvimbe kakhulu ukuthandwa kwamaphampu okushisa, ikakhulukazi amaphampu okushisa omthombo ophansi.

Ukulungiswa kabusha kanye nokushintshwa kwezisetshenziswa zokushisisa kungaba yingxenye yohlaka lwenqubomgomo, njengoba ukusheshisa ukuthunyelwa ezakhiweni ezintsha kukodwa ngeke kwanele ukuphinda kabili ukuthengiswa kwezindlu zokuhlala ngo-2030. Ukuthunyelwa kwamaphakheji okuvuselela okubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye zamagobolondo nemishini nakho kuzonciphisa. izindleko zokufakwa kwephampu yokushisa, ezingabalelwa cishe u-30% wenani eliphelele lokutshala izimali zephampu yokushisa yomthombo womoya futhi ithathe u-65-85% wesamba sezindleko zokutshala izimali zephampu yomthombo.

Ukuthunyelwa kwephampu yokushisa kufanele futhi kubikezele ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yamandla okudingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ne-SDS. Isibonelo, inketho yokuxhuma kumaphaneli e-solar photovoltaic asendaweni kanye nokubamba iqhaza ezimakethe zokusabela ezifunwayo kuzokwenza amaphampu okushisa akhange kakhulu.