Ezikhathini zanamuhla eziqaphela imvelo nezonga amandla, iphampu yokushisa engu-R290 kanye nephampu yokushisa engu-R32 yizihloko ezishisayo. Zombili ziyizixazululo zokushisa eziphoqelelayo, kodwa yikuphi okungcono kwezinhlelo ezimbili zamaphampu okushisa? Lesi sihloko sihlola lo mbuzo futhi sicubungula izici ezinhlanu ezibalulekile: umehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla, ukusebenza kokushisisa, ukusebenza kwemvelo, izidingo zokufakwa nokunakekelwa, kanye nomehluko wamanani, ukutholakala nokugcinwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Uyini umehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla phakathi kwephampu yokushisa engu-R290 kanye nephampu yokushisa engu-R32? Iyiphi eyonga kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo?
1. Umthelela ongaba khona we-greenhouse:
Isiqandisi esisetshenziswa kumaphampu okushisa angama-R290 yi-propane, isiqandisi semvelo. Inamandla okunciphisa i-ozone kanye nomphumela ophansi kakhulu we-greenhouse, okwenza ivumelane nemvelo.Isiqandisi esisetshenziswa kumaphampu okushisa e-R32 yi-difluoromethane, nayo ethathwa njengenketho evumelana nemvelo, kodwa ine-GWP ephakeme kancane kuno-R290.
2. Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa:
Iphampu yokushisa engu-R290 inamandla okushisa aphezulu futhi iyakwazi ukunikeza amandla amaningi okufudumeza noma okupholisa ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iyakwazi ukuguqula amandla ngendlela efanele futhi inciphise ukumosheka kwamandla.Amaphampu okushisa e-R32 nawo asebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa angase abe ngaphansi kancane kunamaphampu okushisa angama-R290.
3. Ibanga lokushisa:
Amaphampu okushisa angama-R290 afanele amazinga okushisa anhlobonhlobo, okuhlanganisa nezicelo zokushisa eziphansi neziphezulu.
Amaphampu okushisa e-R32 enza kangcono ebangeni lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu, kodwa angase alinganiselwe ekusebenzeni kwawo ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu noma eziphakeme kakhulu.
Sekukonke, iphampu yokushisa engu-R290 inikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nobungane bemvelo. Akukhona nje ukuthi inomphumela ophansi we-greenhouse, inganikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokushisa kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Nokho, izici ezifana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, izimo zemvelo kanye nokuba nokwenzeka nakho kudingeka kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa iphampu yokushisa efanele. Ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uhlobo olufaneleka kakhulu lwepompo lokushisa lukhethwe ngokuqondiswa kochwepheshe bokubonisana.
Yikuphi okunikeza ukusebenza okungcono kokushisisa ezindaweni ezihlukene, iphampu yokushisa engu-R290 noma iphampu yokushisa engu-R32?
Amaphampu okushisa angu-R290 kanye namaphampu okushisa angu-R32 anomehluko othile ekusebenzeni kokushisisa, kuye ngesigaba sezulu.
1. Isimo sezulu esibandayo:
Ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu, amaphampu okushisa angama-R290 ngokuvamile enza kangcono. I-Propane (R290) inomsebenzi wokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu, okuwuvumela ukuthi unikeze ukufudumeza okuphumelelayo ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lokushisa. Lokhu kwenza amaphampu okushisa angama-R290 atholakale kabanzi ezindaweni ezibandayo njengeNorthern Europe noma ezindaweni eziphakeme.
2. Isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama:
Ezimweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama, amaphampu okushisa angama-R32 angase afaneleke kakhulu.I-R32 ine-GWP ephansi futhi ijwayelana nezindawo lapho ukupholisa nokupholisa kudingeka khona isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwenza amaphampu okushisa angu-R32 avame kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Europe noma ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama.
3. Isimo sezulu esipholile:
Ezimweni zezulu ezipholile, womabili amaphampu okushisa anganikeza ukusebenza okuhle kokushisisa. Kodwa-ke, i-R290 ingase isebenze kahle kancane ezimweni ezinjalo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kokudlulisa ukushisa. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezipholile zaseCentral Europe noma esifundeni saseMedithera, amaphampu okushisa angama-R290 angase asetshenziswe kabanzi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphezu kwezimo zezulu, izici ezifana nokufakwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuklama nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yepompo yokushisa kungathinta nokusebenza kokushisa. Ngakho-ke kuyatuseka ukuthintana nonjiniyela we-HVAC ochwepheshe noma umeluleki wamandla lapho ukhetha iphampu yokushisa efanelekile ukuze uhlole futhi ukhethe eyodwa ngokusekelwe ezimeni ezithile zezulu nezemvelo.
Uyini umehluko ekusebenzeni kwemvelo phakathi kwephampu yokushisa engu-R290 kanye nephampu yokushisa engu-R32? Iyiphi ehambisana kakhulu nezindinganiso zemvelo zaseYurophu?
Kunomehluko othile phakathi kwamaphampu okushisa angama-R290 nama-R32 ngokusebenza kwemvelo. Okulandelayo ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwabo:
1. Amandla okuncipha kwesendlalelo se-ozone: I-R290 (i-propane) inamandla aphansi okuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone futhi ihambisana kakhulu nemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunomonakalo omncane ongqimbeni lwe-ozone uma usebenzisa u-R290 ohlelweni lwephampu yokushisa.
2. Ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa: I-R32 (i-difluoromethane) kanye ne-R290 (propane) zombili iziqandisi ezinokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuncane. Banesikhathi esifushane sokuhlala emkhathini futhi banegalelo eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Nokho, u-R32 uphakeme kancane kuno-R290 ngokweGWP (Global Warming Potential) yamagesi abamba ukushisa.
3. Ukuvutha: U-R290 uyigesi evuthayo, kanti u-R32 wona awuvuthi kangako. Ngenxa yokuvutha kwama-R290, ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kufanele kuthathwe mayelana nokuphepha kanye nokusetshenziswa, njengokungena komoya kahle kanye nokufakwa ngendlela efanele.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yomibili i-R290 kanye ne-R32 yizinto ezingakhethwa ngokuhambisana nemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa neziqandisi zendabuko ezifana no-R22 no-R410A. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yisiphi isiqandisi, kunconywa ukuthi kulandelwe amakhodi afanele okufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuthi kulandelwe imihlahlandlela yemithetho yomenzi neyendawo.
E-Europe, imithethonqubo ephathelene neziqandisi nezinhlelo zephampu yokushisa zisekelwe kumthetho we-EU we-F-gas. Ngokwalo mthethonqubo, u-R32 uthathwa njengowukhethelo olungelona imvelo ngenxa yamandla awo aphansi okukhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa (inani le-GWP).
Ngokuqondile, u-R32 unenani le-GWP elingu-675 uma kuqhathaniswa nenani le-GWP lika-R290 elingu-3. Nakuba u-R290 unenani eliphansi le-GWP, kunemikhawulo ephathelene nokuphepha nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngenxa yokuvutha kwawo okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, u-R32 uwukhetho oluvame kakhulu futhi olwamukelwa kabanzi kumazinga emvelo aseYurophu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amazinga nemithethonqubo yezemvelo ingase ishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ivumelane nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nokuqwashisa ngemvelo. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi uhlale uthobelana nezidingo zokulawula zendawo nezikazwelonke lapho ukhetha isistimu yepompo yokushisa futhi uxhumane nonjiniyela we-HVAC ochwepheshe noma umxhumanisi wamandla ukuze uthole izindinganiso zakamuva nezeluleko zezemvelo.
Uma uqhathanisa amaphampu okushisa angu-R290 namaphampu okushisa angu-R32, ingabe izidingo zawo zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwawo ziyafana? Iyiphi okulula ukuyinakekela?
1. Izidingo zokufaka: Mayelana nokufakwa, amaphampu okushisa e-R290 kanye ne-R32 ngokuvamile adinga imishini efanayo nezingxenye zesistimu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-compressor, ama-heat exchangers, ama-valve okwandisa, njll. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, amapayipi afanele, ukuxhumeka kukagesi kanye nokugunyazwa kwesistimu kudingeka kuqinisekiswe.
2. Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha: Ngamaphampu okushisa angu-R290, ukuphepha kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ngenxa yemvelo evuthayo ye-propane. Abafaki nabasebenzi abalungisayo kudingeka balandele izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha, okuhlanganisa ukungena komoya okuhle nokuvikela umlilo. Ngokuphambene, amaphampu okushisa e-R32 anezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuphepha kule ndawo.
3. Izidingo zesondlo: Amaphampu okushisa angu-R290 kanye no-R32 ngokuvamile afana ngokulungiswa okujwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa okuvamile nokushintshwa kwezihlungi, ukuhlola nokuhlanza isishintshisi sokushisa, ukuhlola ukuxhunywa kukagesi namasistimu okulawula, njll. Nokho, izidingo ezithile zokunakekela zibuye zincike ohlelweni oluthile lwephampu lokushisa kanye nezincomo zomenzi.
Mayelana nokugcinwa, amaphampu okushisa e-R32 ngokuvamile abhekwa njengokulula kakhulu ukuwanakekela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaphampu okushisa angu-R32 awavuthi kakhulu njengo-R290 ngakho-ke ezinye izindlela zokuphepha lapho zilungiswa azivamile. Ukwengeza, amaphampu okushisa angu-R32 anesabelo semakethe esikhulu futhi izinsiza zokusekelwa nokunakekela zitholakala kalula.
Noma iyiphi iphampu yokushisa oyikhethayo, ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokuseviswa kuyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwesistimu yakho. Landela imihlahlandlela nezincomo zomkhiqizi futhi ulandele imithetho yendawo yokufaka nokunakekela. Uma kudingeka, ukubonisana nonjiniyela we-HVAC ochwepheshe noma umhlinzeki wephampu yokushisa kunganikeza isiqondiso enemininingwane eyengeziwe.
Ingabe ukhona umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamaphampu okushisa angama-R290 kanye nama-R32 uma kucatshangelwa inani, ukutholakala nokunakekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo?
1. Inani: Ngokuvamile, amaphampu okushisa angama-R290 angabiza kancane kunamaphampu okushisa angama-R32. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi amasistimu ephampu yokushisa engu-R290 adinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ukuze abhekane nokuvutha kwe-propane, okungase kwenyuse izindleko zokukhiqiza nokufaka.
2. Ukutholakala: Kwezinye izifunda ukutholakala kwamaphampu okushisa angama-R32 kungase kusabalele kakhulu. Ngenxa yesabelo semakethe esikhulu samaphampu okushisa angama-R32 emazweni amaningi, kuvame ukuba lula kubahlinzeki nabafaki ukuthola isitoko nokusekelwa kwamaphampu okushisa angama-R32.
3. Ukulungisa nokunakekela: Mayelana nokulungiswa, amaphampu okushisa angama-R32 angase abe lula ukusevisa. Ngenxa yesabelo semakethe esikhulu samaphampu okushisa angu-R32, izinsizakalo zosizo lobuchwepheshe kanye nokulungisa zivame ukutholakala. Ngokuphambene, amaphampu okushisa angama-R290 angase adinge ukuthola umhlinzeki wesevisi onguchwepheshe, njengoba kudingeka ukunakwa okwengeziwe ukuze i-propane ivuthe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umehluko wentengo, ukutholakala kanye nokugcinwa kungahluka ngokwezifunda ngesifunda. Uma ukhetha isistimu yepompo yokushisa, kuyatuseka ukuqhathanisa nabahlinzeki abaningi nabafaki futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthile lwentengo, ukutholakala nokusekelwa kokulungiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo, ukutholakala kanye nokugcinwa kungenye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo ekukhetheni iphampu yokushisa. Ezinye izici ezibalulekile zihlanganisa izidingo zokusebenza, ukonga kwamandla, ubungane bemvelo kanye nokujwayela izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi. Cabangela zonke izici ndawonye ukuze wenze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwephampu yokushisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2023