Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo lwamaphampu okushisa
Incazelo yamaphampu okushisa: Iphampu yokushisa iyisisetshenziswa esikwazi ukudlulisa ukushisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Angasetshenziselwa ukupholisa noma ukufudumeza izindawo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo.
Isimiso sokusebenza: Umgomo wokusebenza wamaphampu okushisa ufana nesistimu yesiqandisi, kodwa ngomehluko obalulekile - angasebenza ngokuhlehla, ahlinzeke kokubili ukupholisa nokushisa. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zihlanganisa i-compressor, i-evaporator, i-condenser, ne-valve yokwandisa. Kumodi yokushisisa, iphampu yokushisa imunca ukushisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi okuvela endaweni yangaphandle futhi ikulethe endaweni yasendlini ngokuminyanisa nokukhulula ukushisa. Kumodi yokupholisa, imunca ukushisa ngaphakathi futhi ikukhiphele endaweni engaphandle.
Umthombo Wokushisa Nomthombo Obandayo: Iphampu yokushisa idinga kokubili umthombo wokushisa nomthombo obandayo. Kumodi yokushisisa, indawo yangaphandle ngokuvamile isebenza njengomthombo wokushisa, kuyilapho okungaphakathi kusebenza njengomthombo obandayo. Kumodi yokupholisa, lesi simo siyahlehliswa, okungaphakathi kusebenza njengomthombo wokushisa nendawo engaphandle njengomthombo obandayo.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Amaphampu okushisa adume ngokuwonga kwawo amandla. Anganikeza ukupholisa okubalulekile noma imiphumela yokushisisa ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azikukhiqizi ngokuqondile ukushisa kodwa kunalokho zidlulisa ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela zithole ukulawula izinga lokushisa. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuvamile kukalwa nge-Coefficient of Performance (COP), lapho i-COP ephakeme ibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Izicelo: Amaphampu okushisa athola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukufudumeza kwasekhaya, isimo somoya, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ashisayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano nezimboni. Avame ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo njengamaphaneli elanga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusimama kwamandla.
Umthelela Emvelweni: Ukusebenzisa amaphampu okushisa kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela omuhle emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela ophelele wemvelo, okuhlanganisa amandla adingekayo ekwenzeni nokugcinwa kwesistimu yephampu yokushisa.
Izinhlobo Zephampu Yokushisa Isingeniso
Iphampu Yokushisa Umthombo Womoya (ASHP): Lolu hlobo lwephampu yokushisa lukhipha ukushisa emoyeni wangaphandle ukuze lunikeze ukufudumeza noma ukupholisa endlini. Zifanele izimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene, nakuba ukusebenza kahle kwazo kungase kuthinteke ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Iphampu Yokushisa Yomthombo Waphansi (GSHP): Amaphampu okushisa omthombo ophansi asebenzisa izinga lokushisa elingaguquki lomhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze anikeze ukushisa, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuzinzile phakathi kokubili kwezinkathi ezibandayo nezifudumele. Ngokuvamile zidinga ukufakwa kwezihibe ezingaphansi komhlaba ezivundlile noma imithombo eqondile ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa kwe-geothermal.
Iphampu Yokushisa Umthombo Wamanzi (WSHP): Lawa maphampu okushisa asebenzisa amandla ashisayo avela emanzini njengamachibi, imifula, noma imithombo ukufudumeza noma ukupholisa. Zifanele izindawo ezinokufinyelela emithonjeni yamanzi futhi ngokuvamile zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okungaguquki.
Iphampu Yokushisa Ye-Adsorption: Amaphampu okushisa e-Adsorption asebenzisa izinto ze-adsorption njengejeli ye-silica noma ikhabhoni ecushiwe ukuze imunce futhi ikhulule ukushisa, kunokuthembela kuziqandisi ezicindezelwe. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezifana nokupholisa ilanga noma ukubuyisela ukushisa kwemfucuza.
I-Underground Thermal Energy Storage Heat Pump (UGSHP): Lolu hlobo lwephampu yokushisa lusebenzisa amasistimu okugcina amandla angaphansi komhlaba ukuze agcine ukushisa phansi futhi akubuyisele ukushisisa noma ukupholisa njengoba kudingeka. Bafaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zepompo lokushisa.
Amaphampu Okushisa Okuphezulu:Amaphampu okushisa asezingeni eliphezulu anganikeza ukushisa kwezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, awenze afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokushisisa inqubo yezimboni kanye nokushisa kwendlu ebamba ukushisa okudinga amazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Amaphampu Okushisa Amazinga Aphansi:Amaphampu okushisa ezinga lokushisa eliphansi adizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya ukukhipha ukushisa emithonjeni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi, njengokushisisa okukhazimulayo kwaphansi noma ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ashisayo.
Amaphampu Okushisa Emithombo Ekabili:Lawa maphampu okushisa angasebenzisa ngesikhathi esisodwa imithombo yokushisa emibili, ngokuvamile umthombo waphansi nomoya, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuzinza.
Izingxenye Zephampu Yokushisa
Iphampu yokushisa iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze kube lula ukudluliswa nokulawulwa kokushisa. Nazi izingxenye eziyinhloko zephampu yokushisa:
I-Compressor: I-compressor iwumgogodla wesistimu yepompo yokushisa. Idlala indima yokucindezela isiqandisi esinengcindezi ephansi, enezinga lokushisa eliphansi sibe yisimo somfutho ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Le nqubo inyusa izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi, isenze sikwazi ukukhulula ukushisa emthonjeni wokushisa.
I-Evaporator: I-evaporator itholakala ohlangothini lomthombo wasendlini noma obandayo wesistimu yepompo yokushisa. Kumodi yokushisisa, i-evaporator idonsa ukushisa okuvela endaweni yasendlini noma ukushisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi okuvela endaweni engaphandle. Kumodi yokupholisa, imunca ukushisa okungaphakathi endlini, yenze indawo yasendlini iphole.
I-Condenser: I-condenser itholakala ngaphandle noma ohlangothini lomthombo wokushisa wesistimu yephampu yokushisa. Kumodi yokushisa, i-condenser ikhulula ukushisa kwesiqandisi esisezingeni eliphezulu ukushisa indawo yasendlini. Kumodi yokupholisa, i-condenser ixosha ukushisa kwangaphakathi endaweni yangaphandle.
I-Valve Yokunweba: I-valve yokwandisa iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza kwesiqandisi. Inciphisa ukucindezelwa kwesiqandisi, ivumela ukuthi iphole futhi ilungiselele ukungena kabusha ku-evaporator, ngaleyo ndlela yenza umjikelezo.
Isiqandisi: Isiqandisi siyindlela yokusebenza ngaphakathi kwesistimu yepompo yokushisa, ejikeleza phakathi kwezimo eziphansi neziphezulu zokushisa. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziqandisi zinezakhiwo zomzimba ezihlukile ukuze zivumelane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
Abalandeli nomsebenzi wamapayipi: Lezi zingxenye zisetshenziselwa ukujikeleza komoya, ukusabalalisa umoya oshisayo noma opholile endaweni yasendlini. Amafeni namapayipi asiza ukugcina ukunyakaza komoya, aqinisekise nokusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa.
Uhlelo Lokulawula:Isistimu yokulawula ihlanganisa izinzwa, izilawuli, namakhompuyutha aqapha izimo zasendlini nezangaphandle futhi alawule ukusebenza kwephampu yokushisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimfuneko zokushisa nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Izishintshi Zokushisa:Amasistimu wephampu yokushisa angase ahlanganise izishintshisi zokushisa ukuze kube lula ukudluliswa kokushisa phakathi kwezindlela zokushisisa nokupholisa, okunikela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kwesistimu.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwamaphampu Okushisa kanye Nezisetshenziswa Ezivamile Zokushisisa Nokupholisa (I-Air Conditioning, Izifudumezi Zamanzi)
Amaphampu Okushisa: Amaphampu okushisa angashintsha phakathi kokushisisa nokupholisa, awenze izinto ezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Zingasetshenziselwa ukufudumeza amakhaya, ukufudumeza amanzi, ukupholisa izikhala zasendlini, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukunikeza ukushisa kwezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Umshini ongenisa umoya: Amasistimu okushisa komoya aklanyelwe ukupholisa nokugcina izinga lokushisa elikhululekile lasendlini. Amanye amasistimu okupholisa umoya anokusebenza kwephampu yokushisa, okubavumela ukuthi banikeze ukufudumeza ngezikhathi ezibandayo.
Izifudumezi Zamanzi: Izishisi zamanzi zinikezelwe ukushisisa amanzi okugeza, ukuhlanza, ukupheka, kanye nezinjongo ezifanayo.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla:
Amaphampu Okushisa: Amaphampu okushisa adume ngokuwonga kwawo amandla. Angahlinzeka ngokudluliswa kokushisa okufanayo ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi ngoba amunca ukushisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi endaweni ezungezile futhi akuguqulele ekushiseni okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubangela ukonga okuphezulu kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nesifudumezi-moya esivamile kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi ezishisisa ngogesi.
Umshini ongenisa umoya:Amasistimu okushisa komoya anikeza ukusebenza okupholile kokupholisa kodwa angase angoni amandla amancane phakathi nezinkathi ezibandayo.
Izifudumezi Zamanzi: Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okushisisa amanzi kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lomthombo wamandla osetshenziswayo. Izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga nezifudumezi zephampu yokushisa ngokuvamile ziwonga kakhulu amandla.
Kafushane, amaphampu okushisa anezinzuzo ezihlukile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye nokuguquguquka, afanele ukupholisa, ukufudumeza, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphakelwa kwamanzi ashisayo. Kodwa-ke, i-air conditioning kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi nazo zinezinzuzo zazo ngezinhloso ezithile, kuye ngokuthi izidingo nezimo zemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2023